Core polymer optimization of ternary siRNA nanoparticles enhances in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and tumor gene silencing

Abstract

Gene silencing with siRNA nanoparticles (si-NPs) is promising but still clinically unrealized for inhibition of tumor driver genes. Ternary si-NPs containing siRNA, a single block NP core-forming polymer poly[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-co-(butyl methacrylate)] (DMAEMA-co-BMA, 50B), and an NP surface-forming diblock polymer 20 kDa poly(ethylene glycol)-block-50B (20kPEG-50B) have the potential to improve silencing activity in tumors due to the participation of both 50B and 20kPEG-50B in siRNA electrostatic loading and endosome disruptive activity. Functionally, single block 50B provides more potent endosomolytic activity, while 20kPEG-50B colloidally stabilizes the si-NPs. Here, we systematically explored the role of the molecular weight (MW) of the core polymer and of the core:surface polymer ratio on ternary si-NP performance. A library of ternary si-NPs was formulated with variation in the MW of the 50B polymer and in the ratio of the core and surface forming polymeric components. Increasing 50B core polymer MW and ratio improved si-NP in vitro gene silencing potency, endosome disruptive activity, and stability, but these features also correlated with cytotoxicity. Concomitant optimization of 50B size and ratio resulted in the identification of lead ternary si-NPs 50B4-DP100, 50B8-DP100, and 50B12-DP25, with potent activity and minimal toxicity. Following intravenous treatment in vivo, all lead si-NPs displayed negligible toxicological effects and enhanced pharmacokinetics and tumor gene silencing relative to more canonical binary si-NPs. Critically, a single 1 mg/kg intravenous injection of 50B8-DP100 si-NPs silenced the tumor driver gene Rictor at the protein level by 80% in an orthotopic breast tumor model. 50B8-DP100 si-NPs delivering siRictor were assessed for therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic HCC70 mammary tumor model. This formulation significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to siControl-NP treatment. 50B8-DP100 si-NPs were also evaluated for safety and were well-tolerated following a multi-dose treatment scheme. This work provides new insight on ternary si-NP structure-function relationships and identifies core polymer optimization strategies that can yield safe si-NP formulations with potent oncogene silencing.

Keywords: Cancer; Drug delivery; RNA interference; Ternary nanoparticles.