Preventable Prenatal and Neonatal Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood

Setila Dalili; Shahin Koohmanaee; Seyyedeh Golnaz Mirmonsef; Seyyed Amir Reza Nemati; Behrang Motamed; Manijeh Tabrizi; Mohammad Aghaeizadeh Zoroufi; Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad

doi:10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_190_21

Preventable Prenatal and Neonatal Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes in Childhood

Int J Prev Med. 2023 Feb 18:14:19. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_190_21. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Setila Dalili¹, Shahin Koohmanaee¹, Seyyedeh Golnaz Mirmonsef¹, Seyyed Amir Reza Nemati¹, Behrang Motamed², Manijeh Tabrizi¹, Mohammad Aghaeizadeh Zoroufi¹, Afagh Hassanzadeh Rad¹

Affiliations

¹ Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
² Department of Internal Medicine, Razi Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease which is increasing in incidence, but little is known about the events that trigger the autoimmune process. Most of the time, these processes begin in prenatal and natal periods; therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prenatal and neonatal risk factors of T1DM in childhood.

Methods: This case-control study has been performed on children with T1DM who referred to the 17^th Shahrivar children's hospital. The control group consisted of healthy siblings of the case group. Data were gathered using a form that included maternal and neonatal characteristics. Data were reported by descriptive statistics in SPSS 19. To investigate the effect of quantitative and qualitative variables on the development of T1DM, logistic regression and Chi-square tests were used, respectively.

Results: Birth weight, birth height, and maternal weight gain during pregnancy had a significant relationship with T1DM (odds ratio [OR] = 1.23, 2.57, and 1.14, respectively). In addition, there was a significant relationship between gestational hypertension (OR = 5.27), neonatal jaundice (OR = 3.42), cesarean section (OR = 2.06), and being non-first-born child (OR = 2.32) and T1DM. Also, premature rupture of membrane, maternal urinary tract infection, and nonexclusive breastfeeding had a significant association with T1DM (OR = 4.37, 3.94, and 2.30, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between maternal age, sex, neonatal respiratory disease, prematurity, and neonatal infections and T1DM (P > 0.05).

Conclusions: Prenatal and neonatal risk factors can have a significant role in the occurrence of TIDM. Therefore, considering these risk factors can have a preventive effect on T1DM.

Keywords: Child; newborn; pregnancy; type 1 diabetes.