Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico

Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia; Diego Rivera-Salinas; Riccardo Sarti; Riccardo Levi; Maximiliano Mollura; Arnulfo Garza-Silva; Andrea Rivera-Cavazos; Yodira Guadalupe Hernández-Ruíz; Irene Antonieta Barco-Flores; Arnulfo González-Cantú; Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez; Milton Henriques Guimarães Júnior; Chiara Pozzi; Riccardo Barbieri; Devany Paola Morales-Rodriguez; Mauro Martins Texeira; Maria Rescigno

doi:10.3390/vaccines11040842

Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico

Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Apr 14;11(4):842. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11040842.

Authors

Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia^{1

2}, Diego Rivera-Salinas^{1

2}, Riccardo Sarti^{3

4}, Riccardo Levi^{3

4}, Maximiliano Mollura⁵, Arnulfo Garza-Silva^{1

2}, Andrea Rivera-Cavazos^{1

2}, Yodira Guadalupe Hernández-Ruíz¹, Irene Antonieta Barco-Flores¹, Arnulfo González-Cantú^{1

2}, Miguel Ángel Sanz-Sánchez^{1

2}, Milton Henriques Guimarães Júnior⁶, Chiara Pozzi⁴, Riccardo Barbieri⁵, Devany Paola Morales-Rodriguez^{1

2}, Mauro Martins Texeira⁷, Maria Rescigno^{3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Research Department, Hospital Clínica Nova de Monterrey, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
² Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Monterrey, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
³ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy.
⁴ IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.
⁵ Politecnico di Milano, Department of Electronic, Information and Bioengineering, 20133 Milan, Italy.
⁶ Research Department Fundação São Francisco Xavier, Bairro das Águas 35160-158, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁷ Biochemistry and Immunology Department, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Abstract

Comparisons among the different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important to understand which type of vaccine provides more protection. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy through symptomatic infection and the humoral response of six different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2-BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2, and Ad5-nCoV. This multicentric observational longitudinal study involved hospitals from Mexico and Brazil in which volunteers who received complete vaccination schemes were followed for 210 days after the last dose. SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG levels were taken before receiving the first vaccine, 21 days after each dose, and the last sample at six months (+/-1 month) after the last dose. A total of 1132 individuals exposed to five COVID-19 waves were included. All vaccines induced humoral responses, and mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody levels during follow-up. At six months, there was a decline in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1-2 IgG antibody titers of 69.5% and 36.4% in subjects with negative and positive history of infection respectively. Infection before vaccination and after complete vaccination scheme correlated with higher antibody titers. The predictors of infection were vaccination with CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or dyslipidemia, CoronaVac lowered the risk of infection.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; antibodies; coronavirus; immunization; vaccination.

Grants and funding

The research was conducted using private funding from the Techint group of companies. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, and decision to publish.