Mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis

Yohei Hisada; Nigel Mackman

doi:10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100123

Mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis

Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2023 Mar 15;7(3):100123. doi: 10.1016/j.rpth.2023.100123. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Authors

Yohei Hisada¹, Nigel Mackman¹

Affiliation

¹ UNC Blood Research Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Abstract

A State-of-the-Art lecture titled "Mechanisms of cancer-associated thrombosis" was presented at the ISTH Congress in 2022. Patients with cancer have a 4-fold to 9-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with the general population, so-called cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). Different rates of VTE are observed in different types of cancer, suggesting that there are cancer-type specific mechanisms of CAT. We will discuss 4 pathways of CAT: tissue factor, podoplanin, neutrophil extracellular traps, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In addition, specific gene mutations may increase the rate of CAT in some cancer types. A better understanding of these pathways may lead to the identification of biomarkers that can identify patients at risk for VTE and allow the development of new treatments to prevent CAT. Finally, we summarize relevant new data on this topic presented at the 2022 ISTH Congress.

Keywords: cancer-associated thrombosis; extracellular vesicle; neutrophil extracellular trap; plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; podoplanin; tissue factor.