Nine new chromane-type meroterpenoids, including the rare nor-meroterpenoid sargasilol A (1) and the eight meroditerpenoids sargasilols B-I (2-9), were isolated from a China Sea collection of the brown alga Sargassum siliquastrum, together with six known analogues (10-15). The structures of the new chromanes were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with previously reported data. Compounds 1-3 and 6-15 exhibited inhibition against LPS-induced NO production in BV-2 microglial cells, and 1, with a shorter carbon chain, was the most active one. Compound 1 was established as an anti-neuroinflammatory agent through targeting the IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. As such, the chromanes from brown algae could provide promising anti-neuroinflammatory lead compounds for further structural modification.