The association between intrauterine exposure to opioids, tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis and length of birth hospitalization among neonates without NOWS

Affiliations

• ¹ C.S. Mott Department of Public Health and Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. onders12@msu.edu.
• ² Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ³ Department of Pediatrics and Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra / Northwell and Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
• ⁵ Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
• ⁶ Avera Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics at the University of South Dakota Medical School, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
• ⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Duke University and Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
• ¹⁰ Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹¹ Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
• ¹² Analytics Program, Research Triangle Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.
• ¹³ University of Washington, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
• ¹⁴ Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.