Collapse Models: A Theoretical, Experimental and Philosophical Review

Entropy (Basel). 2023 Apr 12;25(4):645. doi: 10.3390/e25040645.

Abstract

In this paper, we review and connect the three essential conditions needed by the collapse model to achieve a complete and exact formulation, namely the theoretical, the experimental, and the ontological ones. These features correspond to the three parts of the paper. In any empirical science, the first two features are obviously connected but, as is well known, among the different formulations and interpretations of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, only collapse models, as the paper well illustrates with a richness of details, have experimental consequences. Finally, we show that a clarification of the ontological intimations of collapse models is needed for at least three reasons: (1) to respond to the indispensable task of answering the question 'what are collapse models (and in general any physical theory) about?'; (2) to achieve a deeper understanding of their different formulations; (3) to enlarge the panorama of possible readings of a theory, which historically has often played a fundamental heuristic role.

Keywords: collapse models; experimental validation of collapse models; the ontology of collapse models.

Publication types

  • Review

Grants and funding

A.B. acknowledges financial support from the EIC Pathfinder project QuCoM (GA no. 101046973), the PNRR PE National Quantum Science and Technology Institute (PE0000023), the University of Trieste and INFN; M.D. acknowledges financial support from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research through the PRIN 2017 program. The Manifest Image and the Scientific Image prot 2017ZNWW7F 00 and from the Department of Philosophy, Communication and Performing Arts, Via Ostiense 234, Università Roma Tre, 00146, Rome, Italy. H.U. acknowledges financial support from the QuantERA grant LEMAQUME, funded by the QuantERA II ERA-NET Cofund in Quantum Technologies implemented within the EU Horizon 2020 Programme. Further, we would like to thank for support the UK funding agency EPSRC under grants EP/W007444/1, EP/V035975/1 and EP/V000624/1, the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2022-57), the EU Horizon 2020 FET-Open project TeQ (766900) and the EU Horizon Europe EIC Pathfinder project QuCoM (GA no.10032223).