NADPH diaphorase activity has been shown by histochemical staining to co-localize with markers for selective neurotransmitter candidates in various regions of the rat brain. The rabbit retina was therefore examined to determine if the technique stains a selective population of retinal neurons as well. Whole retinas of adult, male, pigmented rabbits are incubated with a specific reaction mixture containing nitro blue tetrazolium as the electron acceptor. Dark blue reaction product is deposited in two populations of cell bodies near the inner border of the inner nuclear layer (INL). One cell type is larger and more darkly stained than the second. The larger cells have 2-4 tapering primary dendrites which branch sparsely in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) and which can be traced for up to 500 microns. The second cell type has smaller and more lightly stained somata. In retinal cross sections, a dense layer of varicose fibers is seen in the middle (sublamina 3) of the IPL; these fibers arise at least in part from the larger, darkly stained cell bodies. A less dense plexus of fibers is stained at the outer margin (sublamina 1) of the IPL, and occasional varicosities are seen in the inner sublaminas (4 and 5) of the IPL. NADPH diaphorase histochemistry, therefore, selectively stains at least two subtypes of amacrine cells in rabbit retina. Although a definite identification of the transmitter content of these cells cannot be made, diaphorase histochemistry provides, in the retina, a remarkably convenient method for achieving Golgi-like images of morphologically distinct neuronal populations.