Effectiveness of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization and Mortality in a Statewide Population

Laura C Chambers; Huong T Chu; Nickolas Lewis; Gauri Kamat; Taylor Fortnam; Philip A Chan; Leanne Lasher; Joseph W Hogan

Effectiveness of Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Preventing COVID-19 Hospitalization and Mortality in a Statewide Population

R I Med J (2013). 2023 Jun 1;106(5):42-48.

Authors

Laura C Chambers¹, Huong T Chu², Nickolas Lewis³, Gauri Kamat³, Taylor Fortnam⁴, Philip A Chan⁵, Leanne Lasher⁶, Joseph W Hogan⁷

Affiliations

¹ was Lead of the COVID-19 Data and Analytics Program at the Rhode Island Department of Health in Providence, RI, when this work was completed. Dr. Chambers is now a Lead Research Scientist and Assistant Professor of the Practice of Epidemiology in the Department of Epidemiology at Brown University in Providence, RI.
² was the Analytics Team Lead in the COVID-19 Data and Analytics Program at the Rhode Island Department of Health in Providence, RI, when this work was completed. Dr. Chu is now a doctoral student in the Department of Health Metrics Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle, WA.
³ doctoral student in the Department of Biostatistics at Brown University in Providence, RI.
⁴ octoral student in the Department of Biostatistics at Brown University in Providence, RI.
⁵ Consultant Medical Director at the Rhode Island Department of Health and an Associate Professor in the Department of Medicine at Brown University in Providence, RI.
⁶ Chief COVID-19 Data and Analytics Officer at the Rhode Island Department of Health in Providence, RI, when this work was completed. She is now the Senior Director of Public Health Research and Business Intelligence at the Association of State and Territorial Health Officers in Arlington, VA.
⁷ Professor and Chair of the Department of Biostatistics at Brown University in Providence, RI.

PMID: 37195162

Abstract

Background: Monoclonal antibody (MAB) treatments for COVID-19 received Emergency Use Authorization in the United States.

Methods: We used surveillance data from Rhode Island to conduct a retrospective, statewide cohort study to estimate the effectiveness of MABs for preventing hospitalization and death during periods when Alpha and Delta variants were predominant.

Results: From 1/17/2021-10/26/2021, 285 long-term congregate care (LTCC) residents and 3,113 non-congregate patients met our eligibility criteria and received MAB; they were matched to 285 and 6,226 controls, respectively. Among LTCC residents, 8.8% (25/285) of patients who received MAB were hospitalized or died compared to 25.3% (72/285) of those who did not receive MAB (adjusted difference=16.7%, 95% confidence interval CI=11.0-22.3%). Among non-congregate patients, 4.5% (140/3,113) of patients who received MAB were hospitalized or died compared to 11.8% (737/6,226) of those who did not receive MAB (adjusted difference=7.2%, 95% CI=6.0-8.4%).

Conclusions: Administration of MABs led to an absolute reduction in hospitalization or death during periods when Alpha and Delta variants were predominant.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; monoclonal antibody therapy; treatment effectiveness.

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
COVID-19*
Cohort Studies
Hospitalization
Humans
Retrospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2

Substances

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Supplementary concepts

SARS-CoV-2 variants