Chemical changes in childhood obesity blood as a marker of the disease. A Raman-based machine learning study

Zozan Guleken; Zeynep Ceylan; Serpil Çeçen; Dorota Jakubczyk; Pawel Jakubczyk; Joanna Depciuch

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115445

Chemical changes in childhood obesity blood as a marker of the disease. A Raman-based machine learning study

J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023 Sep 5:233:115445. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115445. Epub 2023 May 5.

Authors

Zozan Guleken¹, Zeynep Ceylan², Serpil Çeçen³, Dorota Jakubczyk⁴, Pawel Jakubczyk⁵, Joanna Depciuch⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University of Islam Science and Technology, 27220, Gaziantep, Turkey. Electronic address: zozan.guleken@gibtu.edu.tr.
² Samsun University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Turkey.
³ Health Science University, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁴ Faculty of Mathematics and Applied Physics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Powstancow Warszawy 12, PL-35959 Rzeszow, Poland.
⁵ Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszow, Poland.
⁶ Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, 31342 Krakow, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.

PMID: 37209495
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115445

Abstract

Obesity in children is a global problem, leading to different medical conditions that may contribute to metabolic syndrome and increase the risk of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in future health. Metabolic disorders are the results of the body's chemical process. The changes in the chemical compositions could be determined by Raman spectroscopy. Therefore, in this study, we measured blood collected from children with obesity to show chemical changes caused by obesity disease. Moreover, we will also show characteristic Raman peaks/regions, which could be used as a marker of obesity, not other metabolic syndromes. Children with obesity had higher glucose levels, proteins, and lipids than the control ones. Furthermore, it was noticed that the ratio between CO and C-H is 0.23 in control patients and 0.31 in children with obesity, as well as the ratio between amide II and amide I was 0.72 in control and 1.15 in obesity, which suggests an imbalance in these two fractions in childhood obesity. PCA with discrimination analyses showed that the accuracy, selectivity, and specificity of Raman spectroscopy in differentiation between childhood obesity and healthy children was between 93% and 100%. There is an increased risk of metabolic changes in childhood obesity with higher glucose levels, lipids, and proteins in children with obesity. Also, there were differences in the ratio between proteins and lipids functional groups and glucose, amide II, and amide I vibrations as a marker of obesity. The results of the study offer valuable insights into potential alterations in protein structure and lipid composition in children with obesity, emphasizing the importance of considering metabolic changes beyond traditional anthropometric, measurements.

Keywords: Biomolecular Structure; Blood serum profile; Chemometrics; Childhood obesity; Raman spectroscopy; Secondary Protein Structure.

MeSH terms

Child
Glucose
Humans
Lipids
Metabolic Syndrome*
Pediatric Obesity* / complications
Risk Factors

Substances

Lipids
Glucose