Why We Need a Developmentally Appropriate Trauma Diagnosis for Children: a 10-Year Update on Developmental Trauma Disorder

J Child Adolesc Trauma. 2021 Nov 19;16(2):403-418. doi: 10.1007/s40653-021-00415-4. eCollection 2023 Jun.

Abstract

Developmental Trauma Disorder (DTD) was proposed almost two decades ago as a psychiatric diagnosis for children who have been traumatically victimized and whose attachment bonding with primary caregivers has been compromised. DTD was designed to complement and extend post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by addressing forms of trauma-related biopsychosocial dysregulation not included in PTSD, many of which are attributed to other psychiatric disorders. In the past decade, evidence from clinician surveys and research field trial studies has provided evidence of DTD's validity and potential clinical utility. The growing evidence base for DTD is summarized and clinical rationales for the proposed DTD symptoms are described. DTD shows promise as a developmentally-attuned traumatic stress diagnosis for traumatized children.

Keywords: Attachment trauma; Children; Complex posttraumatic stress disorder; Victimization.