Systematic review of the potential carcinogenicity of bisphenol A in humans

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2023 Aug:142:105414. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105414. Epub 2023 May 30.

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical to which humans are exposed through a variety of environmental sources. We have conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of 29 epidemiology studies and 27 experimental animal studies, published through May 2022, evaluating the potential carcinogenicity of BPA to contribute to the understanding of whether BPA is carcinogenic in humans. We conducted this review according to best practices for systematic reviews and incorporating established frameworks for study quality evaluation and evidence integration. The epidemiology studies have many limitations that increase the risk of biased results, but overall, the studies do not provide clear and consistent evidence for an association between BPA exposure and the development of any type of cancer. The experimental animal studies also do not provide strong and consistent evidence that BPA is associated with the induction of any malignant tumor type. Some of the proposed mechanisms for BPA carcinogenicity are biologically plausible, but the relevance to human exposures is not clear. We conclude that there is inadequate evidence to support a causal relationship between BPA exposure and human carcinogenicity, based on inadequate evidence in humans, as well as evidence from experimental animal studies that suggests a causal relationship is not likely.

Keywords: Bisphenol A; Cancer; Carcinogenicity; Causal framework; Systematic review.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Benzhydryl Compounds* / toxicity
  • Humans
  • Phenols* / toxicity
  • Risk Factors

Substances

  • Benzhydryl Compounds
  • bisphenol A
  • Phenols