BACKGROUND Liver retransplantation (reLT) is a well-accepted treatment for liver graft failure in selected patients. A rescue hepatectomy (RH), on the contrary, is a rare and controversial procedure in which a deteriorating liver graft causing failure of other organ systems is removed to stabilize the patient's condition before a new liver graft is available. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the outcomes of the 104 patients who were listed for a first single-organ reLT in our center during the period 2000-2019, to compare the results after RH to other reLTs. RESULTS In the study population, RH was performed on 8 patients, while 7 of these received a new graft (8% of all first time reLTs) and 1 died before reLT. All RHs were performed within 1 week after the first transplantation. The median anhepatic time after RH was 36 hours (range 14-99). The 1-year patient survival rate was 57% for reLTs with RH and 69% for acute reLTs without RH that were performed within 14 days after the first transplantation (P=0.66). The 5-year survival rate was 50% in the RH and 47% in the non-RH group (P=1.0). CONCLUSIONS The use of RH prior to reLT results in a similar outcome to reLTs without RH. Therefore, RH should be considered in patients with a severe clinical instability caused by a deteriorating liver graft. However, further studies are needed to establish guidelines based on objective parameters for when RH should be performed.