A randomised trial to assess fluid and electrolyte balance responses following ingestion of different beverages in young and older men

Eur J Appl Physiol. 2023 Oct;123(10):2331-2340. doi: 10.1007/s00421-023-05241-0. Epub 2023 Jun 9.

Abstract

Background: Older adults are susceptible to dehydration and fluid overload due to a reduced ability to maintain homeostatic control of fluid and electrolyte balance.

Purpose: To assess fluid and electrolyte balance responses in young and older men following ingestion of commonly consumed beverages differing in composition.

Methods: 12 young and 11 older men were recruited. Euhydrated body mass was recorded. Participants consumed 1L (250 ml every 15 min) of water, fruit juice, a sports drink or low-fat milk in a randomized cross-over design. Urine and blood samples were obtained before and after the drinking period and every hour thereafter for 3-h. Samples were used to determine osmolality, electrolytes (Na+ and K+), water clearance, and glomerular filtration rate.

Results: Free water clearance was significantly higher in Young than Older at 1 and 2 h after the ingestion of W and S (p < 0.05). Net Na+ and K+ balance were not different between Young and Older (p = 0.91 and p = 0.65) adults, respectively. At 3 h Na+ balance was negative after ingesting water and fruit juice, but neutral after sport drink and milk. Net K+ balance was neutral at 3 h after ingesting milk, but negative after water, fruit juice and sport drink.

Conclusions: Milk was retained longer than other beverages in Young, but not in Older, despite similar net electrolyte balance responses. Older had higher fluid retention in the first 2 h after the ingestion of all beverages, except for milk when compared to Young, indicating an age-related loss of ability to regulate fluid balance under current study conditions.

Keywords: Creatinine; Dehydration; Hydration; Macronutrients; Renal excretion; Urine.

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Beverages / analysis
  • Dehydration*
  • Eating
  • Electrolytes
  • Humans
  • Ions
  • Male
  • Sodium
  • Water
  • Water-Electrolyte Balance* / physiology

Substances

  • Electrolytes
  • Ions
  • Sodium
  • Water