Objective: Experimental research has demonstrated that when alcohol-related content is viewed on social media, adolescents and young adults tend to have favorable attitudes toward alcohol use. However, limited research focuses on social media norms for abstaining from alcohol use. The current study examined the role of descriptive and injunctive alcohol-abstaining-and-drinking norms via experimentally manipulated social media profiles. Experimental effects on descriptive and injunctive normative perceptions and subsequent behavior were tested.
Method: Participants (N = 306; ages 15-20 years) were recruited from the Seattle metropolitan area to complete a baseline survey and view researcher-fabricated social media profiles. Using stratified random assignment (birth sex and age), participants were randomized into one of three conditions: (a) alcohol abstaining and drinking, (b) alcohol abstaining, and (c) attention control.
Results: The alcohol-abstaining-and-drinking condition reported greater drinking descriptive norms compared with participants in either the alcohol-abstaining or the attention-control conditions at post-experiment and 1-month follow-up. The alcohol-abstaining-and-drinking condition reported lower abstaining descriptive norms (i.e., perceiving fewer peers abstain) compared with those in the alcohol-abstaining condition at post-experiment and lower abstaining injunctive norms compared with those in the attention-control condition at 1-month follow-up.
Conclusions: Exposure to social media profiles containing both alcohol-drinking and alcohol-abstaining messages was respectively associated with individuals perceiving that peers were consuming alcohol more often and that fewer peers were abstaining. The present findings are consistent with prior experimental research that indicates alcohol displays on social media are associated with riskier drinking cognitions.