Body mass index in relation to symptom presentation on diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis in children

Abstract

Background: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) among children is not well characterized.

Objective: To evaluate the presentations of EoE in pediatric patients of different weight classes.

Methods: Records of newly diagnosed children with EoE at an academic center from 2015 to 2018 were evaluated regarding demographics, symptom presentation, and endoscopic findings and compared among the underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese groups.

Results: There were 341 patients aged 0 to 18 years old newly diagnosed with EoE from 2015 to 2018 (68.3% male, 233 of 341; 80.9% White, 276 of 341). Of the 341, 17 were underweight (4.9%), 214 normal weight (62.8%), 47 overweight (13.8%), and 63 obese (18.5%). Children with obese and overweight BMI were more likely to be diagnosed at an older age (P = .005) and to present with a chief complaint of abdominal pain (P = .02). Normal- and under-weight children were more likely to have an immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy (P = .02). Normal weight children were more likely to be tested for food allergies (P = .02) and inhalant allergies (P = .004) and have linear furrows on endoscopy (P = .03), compared with children with overweight and obese BMI. No significant differences were found regarding race, sex, type of insurance, atopic dermatitis, asthma, or allergic rhinitis in relation to BMI status and EoE diagnosis.

Conclusion: Nearly one-third of children were obese or in overweight status on diagnosis with EoE. Children with BMI in the overweight or obese range were more likely to be older at diagnosis and to have a chief complaint of abdominal pain on presentation.