Predictive ability of anthropometric indices in identifying metabolic syndrome among US adolescents 10 to 19 years old: Analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2018 data set

Binyam Girma Sisay; Beshada Rago Jima; Marekegn Habtamu; Nardos Wondafrash Gebru; Hamid Yimam Hassen

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2023.112081

Predictive ability of anthropometric indices in identifying metabolic syndrome among US adolescents 10 to 19 years old: Analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2018 data set

Nutrition. 2023 Sep:113:112081. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112081. Epub 2023 May 11.

Authors

Binyam Girma Sisay¹, Beshada Rago Jima², Marekegn Habtamu³, Nardos Wondafrash Gebru¹, Hamid Yimam Hassen⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
² Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: beshada2011@gmail.com.
³ Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Science, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴ Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.

PMID: 37321045
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112081

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the best anthropometric indices for predicting metabolic syndrome in US adolescents.

Methods: A cross-sectional study analyzed data of adolescents ages 10 to 19 y using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2018 data. The receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (AUCs) of waist circumference z score, body roundness index, body mass index, and A Body Shape Index in identifying predicting metabolic syndrome were assessed. Furthermore, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of all anthropometric indices were calculated.

Results: A total of 5496 adolescents were included in the analysis. Waist circumference z score had an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.89-0.91), sensitivity of 95.0% (95% CI, 89.4-98.1), and specificity of 74.8% (95% CI, 73.6, 76.0). Body roundness index had an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87-0.89), sensitivity of 96.7% (95% CI, 91.7-99.1), and specificity of 75.2% (95% CI, 74.1-76.4). Body mass index z score had an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81-0.85), sensitivity of 97.5% (95% CI, 92.9-99.5), and specificity of 68.2% (95% CI, 66.9-69.4). A Body Shape Index had an AUC of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.56-0.61), sensitivity of 75.0% (95% CI, 66.3-82.5), and specificity of 50.9% (95% CI, 49.5-52.2).

Conclusions: Our study found waist circumference z score and body roundness index were the best predictors of predicting metabolic syndrome compared with body mass index z score and A Body Shape Index in both boys and girls. We recommend that future studies develop global cutoff points for these anthropometric indices and examine their performance in a multi-country setting.

Keywords: A Body Shape Index (ABSI); Adolescent; Anthropometric indices; Body roundness index (BRI); Metabolic syndrome; Predictive ability.

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Anthropometry
Body Mass Index
Child
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Metabolic Syndrome* / diagnosis
Metabolic Syndrome* / epidemiology
Nutrition Surveys
Obesity / diagnosis
Risk Factors
Waist Circumference
Young Adult