A novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor was fabricated for the fast and facile determination of cyclosporine A (CsA). Due to the narrow therapeutic index of CsA, its desired therapeutic effects are evident within a limited range of blood concentration, indicating the fundamental role of therapeutic drug monitoring in CsA pharmacological response. In this study, a two-photon fluorescence probe based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) and norepinephrine-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@NE) was employed for the quantification of the CsA in human plasma samples. In the presence of CsA, the fluorescent emission intensity of ZIF-8-AgNPs@NE was quenched. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed probe determines CsA in plasma samples in two linear ranges of 0.01 to 0.5 μg mL-1 and 0.5 to 10 μg mL-1. The developed probe demonstrates the advantages of a facile and fast platform with limit of detection as low as 0.007 μg mL-1. At last, this method was applied to find CsA concentration in four patients receiving oral CsA regimen which indicates it as a promising method for on-site detection applications.
Keywords: Biomedical analysis; Cyclosporine; Patient samples; Ratiometric fluorescence sensor.
© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.