Radiographic and perioperative outcomes following anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering and posterior lumbar spine tethering: a pilot series

Jeremy W Siu; Hao-Hua Wu; Satvir Saggi; Sachin Allahabadi; Toshali Katyal; Mohammad Diab

doi:10.1007/s43390-023-00717-7

Radiographic and perioperative outcomes following anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering and posterior lumbar spine tethering: a pilot series

Spine Deform. 2023 Nov;11(6):1399-1408. doi: 10.1007/s43390-023-00717-7. Epub 2023 Jun 25.

Authors

Jeremy W Siu¹, Hao-Hua Wu², Satvir Saggi³, Sachin Allahabadi², Toshali Katyal², Mohammad Diab²

Affiliations

¹ San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Jeremy.siu@ucsf.edu.
² Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
³ San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Abstract

Background and context: In patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) of main thoracic and lumbar spine regions, combined anterior thoracic vertebral body tethering and posterior lumbar spine tethering (ATVBT/PLST) is a novel non-fusion treatment option for growth modulation and conservation of motion.

Methods: Fourteen patients with AIS who underwent ATVBT/PLST with at least 2-year follow-up were included. Primary outcomes included quality of life as assessed by SRS-22 instruments, radiographic analysis, and revision operations. We secondarily reported perioperative metrics and post-operative opiate morphine equivalents (OME). Clinical success was defined as patients who achieved skeletal maturity with ≤ 30° curve magnitude of both their main thoracic and thoracolumbar/lumbar curves and who did not undergo posterior spine instrumentation and fusion (PSIF).

Results: Patients had a mean age of 11.6 years (range 10-14 years), majority were girls (92%), and mean follow-up was 3.0 years (range 2-4.8 years). All patients were skeletally immature with a Risser ≤ 2. Included curves were Lenke 1C, 3C, or 6C. Mean preoperative curve magnitudes were 53° ± 8° (range 45°-65°) main thoracic and 49° ± 9° (range 40°-62°) thoracolumbar/lumbar curves. At most recent follow-up, patients had a mean main thoracic curve of 29° ± 8° (range 15°-40°) and a mean thoracolumbar/lumbar curve of 20° ± 15° (range 4°-35°). 50% required a revision operation. Cable breakage occurred in 43%, which did not always require revision. One patient progressed to thoracic fusion, but no patient underwent lumbar fusion. Patients had a mean SRS-22 outcome score of 4.2 ± 0.4.

Conclusions: ATVBT/PLST is a potential alternative to spine fusion for select immature patients with AIS at a minimum 2-year follow-up. ATVBT/PLST potentially offers motion conservation at the cost of a higher revision rate. Further study and reporting of results are necessary to refine indications and techniques, which in turn will improve outcomes of this procedure.

Level of evidence: Level IV-Case series without comparative group.

Keywords: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; Cable breakage; Posterior lumbar spine tethering; Revision operation; Vertebral body tethering.