Changes in source apportioned VOCs during high O3 periods using initial VOC-concentration-dispersion normalized PMF

Yutong Wu; Baoshuang Liu; He Meng; Qili Dai; Laiyuan Shi; Shaojie Song; Yinchang Feng; Philip K Hopke

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165182

Changes in source apportioned VOCs during high O₃ periods using initial VOC-concentration-dispersion normalized PMF

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Oct 20:896:165182. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165182. Epub 2023 Jun 27.

Authors

Yutong Wu¹, Baoshuang Liu², He Meng³, Qili Dai¹, Laiyuan Shi³, Shaojie Song¹, Yinchang Feng¹, Philip K Hopke⁴

Affiliations

¹ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
² State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China. Electronic address: lbsnankai@foxmail.com.
³ Qingdao Eco-environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266003, China.
⁴ Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Institute for a Sustainable Environment, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA.

PMID: 37385502
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165182

Abstract

Ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) concentrations are affected by emissions, dispersion, and chemistry. This work developed an initial concentration-dispersion normalized PMF (ICDN-PMF) to reflect the changes in source emissions. The effects of photochemical losses for VOC species were corrected by estimating the initial data, and then applying dispersion normalization to reduce the impacts of atmospheric dispersion. Hourly speciated VOC data measured in Qingdao from March to May 2020 were utilized to test the method and had assessed its effectiveness. Underestimated solvent use and biogenic emissions contributions due to photochemical losses during the O₃ pollution (OP) period reached 4.4 and 3.8 times the non-O₃ pollution (NOP) period values, respectively. Increased solvent use contribution due to air dispersion during the OP period was 4.6 times the change in the NOP period. The influence of chemical conversion and air dispersion on the gasoline and diesel vehicle emissions was not apparent during either period. The ICDN-PMF results suggested that biogenic emissions (23.1 %), solvent use (23.0 %), motor-vehicle emissions (17.1 %), and natural gas and diesel evaporation (15.8 %) contributed most to ambient VOCs during the OP period. Biogenic emissions and solvent use contributions during the OP period increased by 187 % and 135 % compared with the NOP period, respectively, whereas that of liquefied petroleum gas substantially decreased during the OP period. Controlling solvent use and motor-vehicles could be effective in controlling VOCs in the OP period.

Keywords: Dispersion; Ozone pollution; PMF; Photochemical loss; Ventilation coefficient.