Phosphorus Fertilization Boosts Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Carbon Formation Associated with Phagotrophic Protists

doi:10.1007/s00248-023-02258-y

. 2023 Nov;86(4):2541-2551.

doi: 10.1007/s00248-023-02258-y. Epub 2023 Jul 4.

Phosphorus Fertilization Boosts Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Carbon Formation Associated with Phagotrophic Protists

Lin Chen¹, Xiuli Xin¹, Jingwang Li^{1

2}, Changdong Han³, Wu Xiong⁴, Yu Luo⁵, Ruibo Sun⁶, Jiabao Zhang^{7

8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
³ College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
⁴ Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
⁵ Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
⁶ Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
⁷ Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China. jbzhang@issas.ac.cn.
⁸ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. jbzhang@issas.ac.cn.
⁹ College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China. jbzhang@issas.ac.cn.

PMID: 37401933
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02258-y

Phosphorus Fertilization Boosts Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Carbon Formation Associated with Phagotrophic Protists

Lin Chen et al. Microb Ecol. 2023 Nov.

. 2023 Nov;86(4):2541-2551.

doi: 10.1007/s00248-023-02258-y. Epub 2023 Jul 4.

Authors

Lin Chen¹, Xiuli Xin¹, Jingwang Li^{1

2}, Changdong Han³, Wu Xiong⁴, Yu Luo⁵, Ruibo Sun⁶, Jiabao Zhang^{7

8

9}

Affiliations

¹ Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China.
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
³ College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
⁴ Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
⁵ Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
⁶ Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
⁷ Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Beijing Road No. 71, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu Province, China. jbzhang@issas.ac.cn.
⁸ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. jbzhang@issas.ac.cn.
⁹ College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China. jbzhang@issas.ac.cn.

PMID: 37401933
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02258-y

Abstract

Long-term fertilization affects soil organic C accumulation. A growing body of research has revealed critical roles of bacteria in soil organic C accumulation, particularly through mineral-associated organic C (MAOC) formation. Protists are essential components of soil microbiome, but the relationships between MAOC formation and protists under long-term fertilization remain unclear. Here, we used cropland soil from a long-term fertilization field trial and conducted two microcosm experiments with ¹³C-glucose addition to investigate the effects of N and P fertilizations on MAOC formation and the relationships with protists. The results showed that long-term fertilization (especially P fertilization) significantly (P < 0.05) increased ¹³C-MAOC content. Compared with P-deficient treatment, P replenishment enriched the number of protists (mainly Amoebozoa and Cercozoa) and bacteria (mainly Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Gammaproteobacteria), and significantly (P < 0.001) promoted the abundances of bacterial functional genes controlling C, N, P, and S metabolisms. The community composition of phagotrophic protists prominently (P < 0.001) correlated with the bacterial community composition, bacterial functional gene abundance, and ¹³C-MAOC content. Co-occurrence networks of phagotrophic protists and bacteria were more connected in soil with the N inoculum added than in soil with the NP inoculum added. P replenishment strengthened bacterial ¹³C assimilation (i.e., ¹³C-phospholipid fatty acid content), which negatively (P < 0.05) correlated with the number and relative abundance of phagotrophic Cercozoa. Together, these results suggested that P fertilization boosts MAOC formation associated with phagotrophic protists. Our study paves the way for future research to harness the potential of protists to promote belowground C accrual in agroecosystems.

Keywords: Long-term fertilization; Microbial anabolism; Mineral-associated organic C; Protists; Trophic interactions.

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References

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1. Lehmann J, Bossio DA, Koegel-Knabner I, Rillig MC (2020) The concept and future prospects of soil health. Nat Rev Earth Environ 1:544–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0080-8 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
1. Toor GS, Yang YY, Das S et al (2021) Soil health in agricultural ecosystems: current status and future perspectives. Adv Agron 168:157–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.02.004 - DOI

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[1] Lal R (2004) Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304:1623–1627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097396 - DOI - PubMed

[2] Lal R (2004) Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 304:1623–1627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097396 - DOI - PubMed

[3] Paustian K, Lehmann J, Ogle S et al (2016) Climate-smart soils. Nature 532:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17174 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Paustian K, Lehmann J, Ogle S et al (2016) Climate-smart soils. Nature 532:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature17174 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Zhao Y, Wang M, Hu S et al (2018) Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:4045–4050. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700292114 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[6] Zhao Y, Wang M, Hu S et al (2018) Economics- and policy-driven organic carbon input enhancement dominates soil organic carbon accumulation in Chinese croplands. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:4045–4050. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700292114 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[7] Lehmann J, Bossio DA, Koegel-Knabner I, Rillig MC (2020) The concept and future prospects of soil health. Nat Rev Earth Environ 1:544–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0080-8 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[8] Lehmann J, Bossio DA, Koegel-Knabner I, Rillig MC (2020) The concept and future prospects of soil health. Nat Rev Earth Environ 1:544–553. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-020-0080-8 - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[9] Toor GS, Yang YY, Das S et al (2021) Soil health in agricultural ecosystems: current status and future perspectives. Adv Agron 168:157–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.02.004 - DOI

[10] Toor GS, Yang YY, Das S et al (2021) Soil health in agricultural ecosystems: current status and future perspectives. Adv Agron 168:157–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2021.02.004 - DOI

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Phosphorus Fertilization Boosts Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Carbon Formation Associated with Phagotrophic Protists

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Phosphorus Fertilization Boosts Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Carbon Formation Associated with Phagotrophic Protists

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