Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy - Diagnosis and management: A consensus statement of the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ): Executive summary

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2023 Oct;63(5):656-665. doi: 10.1111/ajo.13719. Epub 2023 Jul 11.

Abstract

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy liver disease, characterised by pruritus and increased total serum bile acids (TSBA), Australian incidence 0.6-0.7%. ICP is diagnosed by non-fasting TSBA ≥19 μmol/L in a pregnant woman with pruritus without rash without a known pre-existing liver disorder. Peak TSBA ≥40 and ≥100 μmol/L identify severe and very severe disease respectively, associated with spontaneous preterm birth when severe, and with stillbirth, when very severe. Benefit-vs-risk for iatrogenic preterm birth in ICP remains uncertain. Ursodeoxycholic acid remains the best pharmacotherapy preterm, improving perinatal outcome and reducing pruritus, although it has not been shown to reduce stillbirth.

Keywords: pregnancy; pruritus; stillbirth; total serum bile acids; ursodeoxycholic acid.

Publication types

  • Practice Guideline

MeSH terms

  • Australia
  • Bile Acids and Salts / blood
  • Cholagogues and Choleretics / therapeutic use
  • Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* / blood
  • Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* / complications
  • Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* / diagnosis
  • Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* / drug therapy
  • Cholestasis, Intrahepatic* / therapy
  • Consensus
  • Female
  • Humans
  • New Zealand
  • Pregnancy
  • Pregnancy Complications* / blood
  • Pregnancy Complications* / diagnosis
  • Pregnancy Complications* / drug therapy
  • Pregnancy Complications* / therapy
  • Premature Birth / etiology
  • Premature Birth / prevention & control
  • Pruritus / etiology
  • Stillbirth
  • Ursodeoxycholic Acid / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Ursodeoxycholic Acid
  • Bile Acids and Salts
  • Cholagogues and Choleretics

Supplementary concepts

  • Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy