Over the past few decades, complementary and alternative treatments have become increasingly popular worldwide. The purported therapeutic characteristics of natural products have come under increased scrutiny both in vitro and in vivo as part of efforts to legitimize their usage. One such product is tea tree oil (TTO), a volatile essential oil primarily obtained from the native Australian plant, Melaleuca alternifolia, which has diverse traditional and industrial applications such as topical preparations for the treatment of skin infections. Its anti-inflammatory-linked immunomodulatory actions have also been reported. This systematic review focuses on the anti-inflammatory effects of TTO and its main components that have shown strong immunomodulatory potential. An extensive literature search was performed electronically for data curation on worldwide accepted scientific databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and esteemed publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Frontiers, and Taylor & Francis. Considering that the majority of pharmacological studies were conducted on crude oils only, the extracted data were critically analyzed to gain further insight into the prospects of TTO being used as a neuroprotective agent by drug formulation or dietary supplement. In addition, the active constituents contributing to the activity of TTO have not been well justified, and the core mechanisms need to be unveiled especially for anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects leading to neuroprotection. Therefore, this review attempts to correlate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of TTO with its neuroprotective mechanisms.
在过去的几十年里，补充和替代治疗在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。为使天然产品使用合法化，其治疗特性在体外和体内都受到了越来越多的审查。其中一种产品茶树油（TTO）是一种主要从澳大利亚本土植物互叶千层获得的挥发性精油，具有多种传统和工业应用，如用于治疗皮肤感染的外用制剂，或参与抗炎相关的免疫调节作用。本系统综述重点关注TTO及其主要成分的抗炎作用。我们对全球公认的科学数据库（如Web of Science、Google Scholar、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scopus）和知名出版商（如Elsevier、Springer、Frontiers、和Taylor & Francis）进行了电子文献检索和数据管理。考虑到大多数药理学仅研究原油，因此我们对提取的数据进行了严格的分析，了解TTO通过药物制剂或膳食补充剂作为神经保护剂的前景。此外，促进TTO活性的有效成分还没有被很好地证明，特别是导致神经保护的抗炎和免疫调节作用的核心机制需要被揭示。因此，本综述试图将TTO的抗炎和免疫调节活性与其神经保护机制联系起来。.
在过去的几十年里，补充和替代治疗在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。为使天然产品使用合法化，其治疗特性在体外和体内都受到了越来越多的审查。其中一种产品茶树油（TTO）是一种主要从澳大利亚本土植物互叶千层获得的挥发性精油，具有多种传统和工业应用，如用于治疗皮肤感染的外用制剂，或参与抗炎相关的免疫调节作用。本系统综述重点关注TTO及其主要成分的抗炎作用。我们对全球公认的科学数据库（如Web of Science、Google Scholar、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scopus）和知名出版商（如Elsevier、Springer、Frontiers、和Taylor & Francis）进行了电子文献检索和数据管理。考虑到大多数药理学仅研究原油，因此我们对提取的数据进行了严格的分析，了解TTO通过药物制剂或膳食补充剂作为神经保护剂的前景。此外，促进TTO活性的有效成分还没有被很好地证明，特别是导致神经保护的抗炎和免疫调节作用的核心机制需要被揭示。因此，本综述试图将TTO的抗炎和免疫调节活性与其神经保护机制联系起来。
Keywords: 1,8-Cineole; Anti-inflammatory; Anti-viral; Antibacterial; Neuroprotective effect; Tea tree oil; Terpinen-4-ol.