An embodiment of the cinematographer: emotional and perceptual responses to different camera movement techniques

Front Neurosci. 2023 Jul 3:17:1160843. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1160843. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

We investigate the relationship between camera movement techniques and cognitive responses in audiences, reporting on an experiment exploring the effects of different camera movement methods on viewers' degree of immersion and emotional response. This follows directly from preceding experimental literature and is further motivated by accounts and experiences of practicing cinematographers (authors included), which indicates a correspondence between the two. We designed three different cinematic scenes with indifferent moods, and shot each one time with Steadicam, dolly, handheld, and static camera, resulting in 12 different clips. A total of 44 non-professional participants watched the clips and rated their reactions in terms of arousal and degree of involvement. Experimental results are mixed: movement affects the sense of involvement but not necessarily emotional response. We present and discuss some further explorative results and possible future directions to improve the design. We argue in this contribution that there is value in experimental approaches to cinematography, enabling the systematic study of creative intuitions and audience responses in controlled settings.

Keywords: Steadicam; camera movement; cinematographer; cinematography; dolly; embodied cognition; embodied simulation; handheld.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Tallinn University, Baltic Film, Media and Arts School (BFM) fund for Research and Creative Study and European Union Horizon 2020 funding programme (Grant No. 101035820) via FilmEU Research, Innovation, Transformation (FilmEU_RIT). The study by PT has been supported by the EU Mobilitas Pluss Top Researcher Grant (MOBTT90) and the Estonian Research Council. AK was supported by the CUDANERA Chair project, funded through the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (Grant No. 810961).