Moderate-intensity endurance training improves late phase β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes

Hui Zhang; Laura K Simpson; Nicholas P Carbone; Michael F Hirshman; Pasquale Nigro; Maria Vamvini; Laurie J Goodyear; Roeland J W Middelbeek

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107226

Moderate-intensity endurance training improves late phase β-cell function in adults with type 2 diabetes

iScience. 2023 Jun 28;26(7):107226. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107226. eCollection 2023 Jul 21.

Authors

Hui Zhang¹, Laura K Simpson¹, Nicholas P Carbone¹, Michael F Hirshman¹, Pasquale Nigro¹, Maria Vamvini^{1

2}, Laurie J Goodyear^{1

2}, Roeland J W Middelbeek^{1

3

2}

Affiliations

¹ Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
² Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
³ Section on Clinical, Behavioral, and Outcomes Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Abstract

Physical activity is important for type 2 diabetes treatment, yet the underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects of exercise are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of exercise training on biphasic β-cell insulin secretory function, a key factor regulating blood glucose. Adults with type 2 diabetes (7F/3M, age 49 ± 5 years, BMI 30 ± 3 kg/m²) completed a 10-week moderate-intensity exercise program and multiple components of glucose homeostasis were measured. Training improved glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and processing of proinsulin-to-insulin. Training increased late phase β-cell function by 38% (p = 0.01), which was correlated with changes in VO_2peak suggesting training response-dependent effects. Ras-Responsive Element Binding Protein 1 (RREB1) concentrations, a protein postulated to increase type 2 diabetes risk, were inversely correlated with increases in training-induced late-phase disposition index, consistent with an inhibitory role of RREB1 on insulin secretion. Moderate-intensity exercise training improves late-phase β-cell function and glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: Human metabolism; Kinesiology.

Abstract

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