Background: Our study examines the effects of distinct HIV stigma subtypes on retention in care and racial-ethnic differences among persons with HIV (PWH).
Methods: Using Florida Medical Monitoring Project 2015-2017 data, we analyzed patients' clinical and behavioral characteristics. We analyzed 89,889 PWH in Florida (50.0% non-Hispanic Blacks, 20.8% Hispanics, 29.2% non-Hispanic whites). HIV stigma subtypes, negative self-image, anticipated stigma, personalized stigma, and retention in care were examined with logistic regressions.
Results: People with high negative self-image and anticipated stigma were less likely to be retained (CI: 0.84-0.92; 0.47-0.53). The association between HIV-related stigma subtypes and retention in care differed between Black, White, and Hispanic participants. Negative self-image was associated with higher retention rates among Hispanics (CI: 5.64-9.26) and Whites (CI: 1.04-1.27), while low retention rates among Blacks (0.617-0.686). The likelihood of staying in care was lower across all racial-ethnic groups when the anticipated stigma was high or moderate. In contrast, personalized stigma increased retention across all racial-ethnic groups.
Conclusion: Results showed that distinct types of HIV stigma differentially impact retention, and these associations differ by race and ethnicity. Future interventions should address the effect HIV stigma subtypes have on racially minoritized PWH retention.
Keywords: Disparities; HIV care continuum; HIV stigma; Race; Retention in care.
© 2023. W. Montague Cobb-NMA Health Institute.