A Significant Increasing Risk Association between Cigarette Smoking and XPA and XPC Genes Polymorphisms

Safiah Almushawwah; Mikhlid H Almutairi; Abdullah M Alamri; Abdelhabib Semlali

doi:10.3390/genes14071349

A Significant Increasing Risk Association between Cigarette Smoking and XPA and XPC Genes Polymorphisms

Genes (Basel). 2023 Jun 27;14(7):1349. doi: 10.3390/genes14071349.

Authors

Safiah Almushawwah¹, Mikhlid H Almutairi², Abdullah M Alamri¹, Abdelhabib Semlali³

Affiliations

¹ Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
² Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
³ Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 Rue de la Terrasse, Local 1758, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.

Abstract

Cigarette smoking (CS) is a major cause of various serious diseases due to tobacco chemicals. There is evidence suggesting that CS has been linked with the DNA damage repair system, as it can affect genomic stability, inducing genetic changes in the genes involved in the repair system, specifically the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, affecting the function and/or regulation of these genes. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), along with CS, can affect the work of the NER pathway and, therefore, could lead to different diseases. This study explored the association of four SNPs in both XPA and XPC genes with CS in the Saudi population. The Taq Man genotyping assay was used for 220 healthy non-smokers (control) and 201 healthy smokers to evaluate four SNPs in the XPA gene named rs10817938, rs1800975, rs3176751, and rs3176752 and four SNPs in the XPC gene called rs1870134, rs2228000, rs2228001, and rs2607775. In the XPA gene, SNP rs3176751 showed a high-risk association with CS-induced diseases with all clinical parameters, including CS duration, CS intensity, gender, and age of smokers. On the other hand, SNP rs1800975 showed a statistically significant low-risk association with all clinical parameters. In addition, rs10817938 showed a high-risk association only with long-term smokers and a low-risk association only with younger smokers. A low-risk association was found in SNP rs3176752 with older smokers. In the XPC gene, SNP rs2228001 showed a low-risk association only with female smokers. SNP rs2607775 revealed a statistically significant low-risk association with CS-induced diseases, concerning all parameters, except for male smokers. However, SNP rs2228000 and rs1870134 showed no association with CS. Overall, the study results demonstrated possible significant associations (effector/and protector) between CS and SNPs polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, such as XPA and XPC, except for rs2228000 and rs1870134 polymorphisms.

Keywords: Taq man genotyping; XPA; XPC; nucleotide excision repair; single nucleotide polymorphism; smoking.

MeSH terms

Cigarette Smoking* / adverse effects
Cigarette Smoking* / genetics
DNA-Binding Proteins* / genetics
Female
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Humans
Male
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein / genetics

Substances

DNA-Binding Proteins
XPC protein, human
XPA protein, human
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.