Association of Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphism with SARS CoV-2 infection in Kurdish Population

Hussein N Ali; Sherko S Niranji; Sirwan M A Al-Jaf

doi:10.1016/j.humgen.2022.201115

Association of Toll-like receptor-4 polymorphism with SARS CoV-2 infection in Kurdish Population

Hum Gene (Amst). 2022 Dec:34:201115. doi: 10.1016/j.humgen.2022.201115. Epub 2022 Oct 4.

Authors

Hussein N Ali¹, Sherko S Niranji^{1

2

3}, Sirwan M A Al-Jaf^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ College of Medicine, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
² Coronavirus Research and Identification Lab., University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq.
³ Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kurdistan region, Iraq.

Abstract

Genetic variations are critical for understanding clinical outcomes of infections including server acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). The immunological reactions of human immune genes with SARS CoV-2 have been under investigation. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a group of proteins, are important for microbial detections including bacteria and viruses. TLR4 can sense both bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and endogenous oxidized phospholipids triggered by Covid-19 infection. Two TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile have been linked to infectious diseases. No studies have focused on these SNPs in association with Covid-19. This study aims to reveal the association between Covid-19 infection with these SNPs by comparing a group of patients and a general population. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) were used to identify the TLR4 SNPs in both the general population (n = 114) and Covid-19 patient groups (n = 125). The results found no association between the TLR4 polymorphisms and Covid-19 infections as the data showed no statistically significant difference between the compared groups. This suggested that these TLR4 SNPs may not be associated with Covid-19 infections.

Keywords: ACE2, Angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ARSD, Acute respiratory distress syndrome; Covid-19; Covid-19, Coronavirus disease 2019; IL, Interleukin; LPS, Lipopolysaccharides (LPS); MyD88, Myeloid differentiation factor; PCR-RFLP, Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment polymorphism; SARS CoV-2; SARS CoV-2, Server acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SNP; SNPs, Single nucleotide polymorphisms; TLR4; TLRs, Toll-like receptors; TNF-α, Tumour necrosis factor alpha;; TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β.; polymorphism.