Purpose: Glioblastoma patients develop recurrence in the opposite hemisphere far from the primary tumor site even after complete resection. This is one of the main reasons for short disease survival. Our aim in this study is to detect microstructural changes in the contralateral hemisphere of glioblastoma patients using different diffusion models with the fully automated tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method.
Methods: Fourteen right-sided and eleven left-sided glioblastoma patients without any treatment and eighteen age- and gender-matched controls were included in the study. Multi-shell diffusion weighted images were created with a 3T MRI device. After various preprocessing steps, images of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), axial kurtosis (AK), mean kurtosis (MK), radial kurtosis (RK), intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), orientation dispersion index (ODI), and isotropic water fraction (ISO) were obtained. TBSS was used to compare diffusion tensor imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging parameters of right- and left-sided glioblastoma patients with the control group for the contralateral hemisphere.
Results: Both right-sided and left-sided glioblastoma patients have shown an increase in MD and ODI in the contralateral hemisphere. While right-sided glioblastoma patients showed an increase in RD, AD, and ISO in a more limited area in the contralateral hemisphere, left-sided glioblastoma patients showed an increase in MK and AK. FA, ICVF, and RK did not show any difference in both groups.
Conclusion: There are microstructural changes in the contralateral hemisphere in glioblastoma patients, and these changes differ between right-sided and left-sided glioblastoma patients.
Keywords: diffusion kurtosis imaging; glioblastoma; glioma; neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging.