Mapping gender stereotypes: a network analysis approach

Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez; Eva Moreno-Bella; Efraín García-Sánchez

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193866

Mapping gender stereotypes: a network analysis approach

Front Psychol. 2023 Jul 18:14:1193866. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193866. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez¹, Eva Moreno-Bella², Efraín García-Sánchez³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Social Psychology and Anthropology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
² Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, National University of Distance Education, Madrid, Spain.
³ Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.

Abstract

Introduction: Stereotypes have traditionally been considered as "mental pictures" of a particular social group. The current research aims to draw the structure of gender stereotypes and metastereotype schemes as complex systems of stereotypical features. Therefore, we analyze gender stereotypes as networks of interconnected characteristics.

Method: Through an online survey (N = 750), participants listed the common female and male features to build the structure of the gender stereotypes. Participants also listed the common features of how members of one gender think they are viewed by people of the other gender to build the structure of gender metastereotypes.

Results: Our results suggest that female stereotypes are characterized by a single community of features consistently associated such as intelligent, strong, and hardworkers. Female metastereotype, however, combines the previous community with another characterized by weak and sensitive. On the contrary, the male stereotype projected by women is characterized by a community of features associated such as intelligent, strong, and hardworker, but male in-group stereotypes and metastereotypes projected by men are a combination of this community with another one characterized by features associated such as strong, chauvinist, and aggressive.

Discussion: A network approach to studying stereotypes provided insights into the meaning of certain traits when considered in combination with different traits. (e.g., strong-intelligent vs. strong-aggressive). Thus, focusing on central nodes can be critical to understanding and changing the structure of gender stereotypes.

Keywords: gender metastereotypes; gender stereotypes; in-group stereotypes; networks approach; social perception.

Grants and funding

The authors declare that this study received funding from the University of Salamanca. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication.