Spectroscopic and theoretical approach of DNA interaction and anticancer studies of bio-pharmaceutically active pyrimidine derived Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes

Abstract

New metal(II) complexes (CuL₂ and ZnL₂) with pyrimidine appended Schiff base ligand (HL) were synthesized and characterized by diverse spectroscopic methods, reveals the proposed structure of metal(II) complexes possess square planar geometry. DNA interaction ability of isolated compounds was studied by UV-Visible, fluorescence, viscometric and electrochemical methods and the results showed that isolated compounds intercalated with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). In addition, anticancer activities of HL, CuL_2, and ZnL₂ have been evaluated by MTT assay, signifying moderate cytotoxic activity on selected cancer cell lines and less toxicity on NHDF normal cell line due to the specific targeting of pyrimidine analogues. Moreover, antioxidant activities of isolated compounds towards diverse free radicals have been studied by spectrophotometric methods. These results showed that CuL₂ has better antioxidant ability than HL and ZnL₂. Finally, antimicrobial activities of isolated compounds against selected antimicrobial pathogens exposed that CuL₂ has better antimicrobial activity on E. coli and C. albicans than other antimicrobial pathogens. The DFT calculations have been done to get the optimized geometry of the ligand and the metal complexes. In order to get a broad understanding of the interactions of these synthesized metal complexes, a detailed molecular docking analysis is taken up.

Keywords: Anticancer; DFT calculation; DNA targeting.