Adaptive responses of geographically distinct strains of the benthic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae), to varying light intensity and photoperiod

Haiyan Wu; Haoyu Zhang; Jixing Peng; Guanchao Zheng; Songhui Lu; Zhijun Tan

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2023.102479

Adaptive responses of geographically distinct strains of the benthic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum lima (Dinophyceae), to varying light intensity and photoperiod

Harmful Algae. 2023 Aug:127:102479. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102479. Epub 2023 Jul 9.

Authors

Haiyan Wu¹, Haoyu Zhang¹, Jixing Peng¹, Guanchao Zheng¹, Songhui Lu², Zhijun Tan³

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
² Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 10362, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address: tanzj@ysfri.ac.cn.

PMID: 37544679
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102479

Abstract

The toxic Prorocentrum lima complex can potentially cause serious harm to the benthos and entire food chain. Studies have revealed physiological differences in strains from different regions related to local environment, while differences in the adaptive responses of P. lima complex should be urgently assessed. Hence, this study explored the adaptive responses to varying light intensities and photoperiods of two P. lima complex strains SHG101 and 3XS34, isolated from the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea, respectively. We found the highest cell density of 7.49 × 10⁴ cells mL^-1 recorded in the 3XS strain in the stationary phase with high light intensity exposure. No significant difference was observed in growth rate among SHG groups, however, significant differences were found among 3XS groups ranging from 0.176 to 0.311 d^-1. Three key pigments Chl a, Peri, and Fuco accounted for up to 60% of the total pigments. Production and concentrations of pigments and F_v/F_m values exhibit a significant negative correlation with high light intensity and growth. Conversely, total diarrhetic shellfish toxin content and the proportion of diol esters increased to varying degrees after high intensity light exposure, with 3XS strain under high light intensity and a photoperiod of light and darkness (12L:12D) consistently exhibiting the highest levels, finally reaching a maximum (21.6 pg cell^-1) at day 28. A shortened photoperiod of high light intensity (8L:16D) resulted in impaired recovery compared with 12L:12D. Furthermore, 3XS showed more delayed and intense adaptive responses, indicating a stronger tolerance compared to SHG. Collectively, these results directly characterized variation in the adaptive responses of geographically distinct strains of P. lima complex, highlighting the previously ignored potential risk diversity of this species.

Keywords: Diarrhetic shellfish toxin; Growth; Impairment; Pigment; Variation.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Dinoflagellida*
Light
Marine Toxins* / toxicity
Okadaic Acid
Photoperiod

Substances

Marine Toxins
Okadaic Acid