Background and aims: Substance-induced psychosis has previously been linked to an excess risk of suicide; however, the association between substance-induced psychosis and suicide attempt has hitherto not been investigated. We investigated whether substance-induced psychosis was associated with a higher risk of subsequent suicide attempt.
Design: Nation-wide prospective register-based cohort study.
Setting: Denmark.
Participants: All people living in Denmark aged 13 years or more during 1995 to 2017.
Measurements: Substance-induced psychosis and suicide attempts were identified through hospital records as ICD-10 codes.
Findings: A total of 8900 (78.8% males) individuals were diagnosed with a substance-induced psychosis, and 740 of these had a suicide attempt during follow-up. People with a substance-induced psychosis had a higher risk of a subsequent suicide attempt [hazard ratio (HR) = 13.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 12.4-14.4] when compared with the general population. The highest hazard ratios were found for psychosis induced by opioids (HR = 26.4, 95% CI = 18.2-38.2); alcohol (HR = 17.7, 95% CI = 15.2-20.6); sedatives (HR = 17.2, 95% CI = 8.9-33.0); and cocaine (HR = 15.6, 95% CI = 10.7-22.8), while cannabis-induced psychosis was linked to an HR of 8.9 (95% CI = 7.7-10.3). Approximately 15% of patients with substance-induced psychosis had had a suicide attempt within 20 years of their substance-induced psychosis diagnosis.
Conclusions: In Denmark, substance-induced psychosis appears to be strongly associated with subsequent suicide attempt, underscoring the importance of attention and better follow-up for this patient group.
Keywords: cannabis; epidemiology; self-harm; substance use disorder; substance-induced psychosis; suicide attempt.
© 2023 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.