Deca-BDE emissions, validation, and environmental fate in China

Hongyu Li; Zhanxiang Wang; Jian He; Ning Zhang; Xiaoxuan Mao; Jianmin Ma; Hong Gao; Zhaoli Yang; Haibo Ma

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132223

Deca-BDE emissions, validation, and environmental fate in China

J Hazard Mater. 2023 Oct 5:459:132223. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132223. Epub 2023 Aug 4.

Authors

Hongyu Li¹, Zhanxiang Wang², Jian He¹, Ning Zhang¹, Xiaoxuan Mao³, Jianmin Ma⁴, Hong Gao¹, Zhaoli Yang¹, Haibo Ma¹

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
² School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518000, PR China.
³ Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China. Electronic address: maoxx@lzu.edu.cn.
⁴ Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Stems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China; Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.

PMID: 37586240
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132223

Abstract

Decabromodiphenyl ether (Deca-BDE) was officially listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention for persistent organic pollutants (POPs). It is necessary to establish its emission inventory to help reduce Deca-BDE contamination in the environment. We established a comprehensive Deca-BDE emission inventory in China. The results reveal that, from 2015 to 2017, the Deca-BDE emissions in its production source (source I) were less altered but increased annually in flame retarded plastics processing (source II), Deca-BDE-containing products usage (source III), and electronic waste (e-waste) treatment (source IV). We show that Deca-BDE emissions declined significantly in sources I and II but grew in source III and source IV from 2017 to 2018. We set up the provincial emission inventory to a gridded map on a spatial resolution of 0.25°× 0.25° latitude/longitude. The gridded inventory was incorporated into ChnMETOP model to simulate Deca-BDE concentrations in air and soil, and the modeled concentrations were compared to field-sampling data. The results show that the Deca-BDE emission inventory developed in this study agreed well with observed data, demonstrating that the Deca-BDE inventory in China developed in the present study is reliable. The inventory provides a support for quantifying human exposure risk to Deca-BDE and developing effective mitigation measures to mitigate Deca-BDE emissions.

Keywords: ChnMETOP modeling; Deca-BDE; Emission inventory; Environmental fate; Stockholm convention.