Development and validation of a scale assessing parental varied responses to Chinese adolescents' negative emotions

Ruyi Ding; Jin Liu; Yuhan Luo; Wei He

doi:10.1002/jclp.23586

Development and validation of a scale assessing parental varied responses to Chinese adolescents' negative emotions

J Clin Psychol. 2023 Dec;79(12):2823-2848. doi: 10.1002/jclp.23586. Epub 2023 Aug 19.

Authors

Ruyi Ding^{1

2}, Jin Liu³, Yuhan Luo⁴, Wei He⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
² Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
³ Department of Educational and Developmental Science, College of Education, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.
⁴ School of Education, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
⁵ School of Leisure and Digital Sports, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China.

PMID: 37597254
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23586

Abstract

Objectives: Parental responses to children's negative emotions (PRCNE) constitute a critical construct in the study of emotion socialization in children and adolescents. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a concise scale for assessing how adolescents perceive PRCNE in a Chinese context, resulting in the creation of the parental varied responses to Chinese adolescents' negative emotions (PVRCANE) scale. The PVRCANE aims to evaluate seven forms of PRCNE, including the six types encompassed by the commonly used Coping with Children's Negative Emotions Scale-Adolescent Version (CCNES-AV), as well as an additional, culturally specific category frequently seen in Chinese families: didactic talk and teaching.

Methods: In Study 1, a group of participants (N = 901, M_age = 13.39 years, SD = 0.92) completed the initial PVRCANE and the CCNES-Adolescent Version. In Study 2: A separate group of participants (N = 320, M_age = 13.54 years, SD = 0.57) filled in PVRCANE and scales evaluating parental socialization goals and adolescents' depressive symptoms.

Results: In Study 1, factor analyses showed that a four-factor structure best fit the data, leading to the final version of the PVRCANE, which includes 35 items. PVRCANE scores exhibited good internal consistency (Omega > 0.79) and convergent validity, demonstrated by their close correlation with traditional CCNES scores. Study 2 confirmed the PVRCANE's measurement invariance for both male and female parents and demonstrated criterion validity by showing significant relationships between PVRCANE scores, parental socialization goals, and adolescents' symptoms of depression.

Conclusion: The PVRCANE is a brief, valid, and reliable scale for assessing PRCNE in Chinese adolescents. The study concludes with a discussion on future directions and how this research enhances the existing literature on emotion socialization, with a particular emphasis on the scale's potential application in other cultural settings.

Keywords: adolescent; assessment; parental responses to children's negative emotions.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adaptation, Psychological
Adolescent
Child
Emotions*
Female
Humans
Male
Parent-Child Relations*
Parents / psychology
Socialization