Cecal Perforation Induced by Migrated Biliary Stent as a Rare Complication of ERCP: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction and Importance. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a non-surgical method utilized to manage biliary tract obstruction, but the complication of biliary stent migration occurs in 5-10% of patients. Though migrated stents are commonly passed through the gastrointestinal tract without harm, intestinal perforation is a rare but severe complication, affecting less than 1% of cases. Case Presentation. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of abdominal pain, nausea, and loss of appetite. According to clinical examination and evidence, the patient underwent surgery with high suspicion of appendicitis, which unexpectedly uncovered a perforated cecum with a protruding biliary stent. Clinical Discussion. Our report describes a unique and unexpected finding of cecal perforation caused by a migrated biliary stent in a patient. We also conducted a review of current literature on ERCP complications, including risk factors for stent migration, relevant statistics, and appropriate interventions. Conclusion. Surgeons should be aware of the risk of stent migration and complications in patients with a history of ERCP. Removal of migrated biliary stents is recommended, regardless of the presence of complications. Additional assessments for alternative diagnoses are recommended for older patients with abdominal pain complaints. Flexible plastic stents should be used for patients at risk of stent passage.