Staphylococcus aureus Induced Wound Infections Which Antimicrobial Resistance, Methicillin- and Vancomycin-Resistant: Assessment of Emergence and Cross Sectional Study

Mohammed S Almuhayawi; Mohammed H Alruhaili; Hattan S Gattan; Mohanned Talal Alharbi; Mohammed Nagshabandi; Soad Al Jaouni; Samy Selim; Awadh Alanazi; Yasir Alruwaili; Osama Ahmed Faried; Mohamed E Elnosary

doi:10.2147/IDR.S418681

Staphylococcus aureus Induced Wound Infections Which Antimicrobial Resistance, Methicillin- and Vancomycin-Resistant: Assessment of Emergence and Cross Sectional Study

Infect Drug Resist. 2023 Aug 16:16:5335-5346. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S418681. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Mohammed S Almuhayawi¹, Mohammed H Alruhaili^{1

2}, Hattan S Gattan^{2

3}, Mohanned Talal Alharbi⁴, Mohammed Nagshabandi⁴, Soad Al Jaouni^{5

6}, Samy Selim⁷, Awadh Alanazi⁷, Yasir Alruwaili⁷, Osama Ahmed Faried⁸, Mohamed E Elnosary⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
² Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 23218, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Hematology/Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
⁹ Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: Wound infection is a prevalent concern in the medical field, being is a multi-step process involving several biological processes. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) infections often occur in areas of damaged skin, such as abrasions and open wounds.

Methods: This research aims to light the incidence of MRSA and VRSA in wound swabs, the antimicrobial susceptibility configuration of isolated S. aureus patterns in pus/wound samples collected from Saudi Arabian tertiary hospital. The cross section study, β- lactamase detection, VRSA genotyping, MAR index, D-test and VRSA genotyping are methods, which used for completed this research.

Results: Patients of several ages and genders delivered specimens from two hospitals in the Al jouf area, in the northern province of Saudi Arabia. S. aureus was found in 188 (34.7%) of the 542 wounds. The traumatized wounds provided 71 isolates (38.8%), surgical wound provided 49 isolates (26.8%) and abscess were represented 16 by isolates (8.7%). In the study, 123 (65.4%) out of 188 were MRSA, 60 (31.9%) were MSSA, and five (2.7%) were VRSA. Linezolid and rifampin were found to be the most effective antimicrobials with 100% in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus isolates. The Multiple antimicrobials resistance (MAR) index revealed 73 isolates (38.9%) with a MAR index greater than 0.2, and 115 (61.1%) less than 0.2. The D-test showed that of MLS_b phenotypes among S. aureus, 22 (11.7%) strains were D-test positive (MLSb_i phenotype), 53 (28.2%) strains were constitutive MLS_c phenotypes, and 17 (9%) strains were shown to have MSb phenotypes. All VRSA isolates (n=5) were found to be positive for vanA, and no vanB positive isolates were detected in the study.

Conclusion: Regular monitoring and an antimicrobials stewardship program should be in place to provide critical information that can be utilized for empirical therapy and future prevention strategies.

Keywords: D-test; MAR index; Saudi Arabia; Staphylococcus aureus; emergence; methicillin; resistant; tertiary hospital; vancomycin; virulent; wound infection.

Grants and funding

This research work was funded by Institutional Fund Projects under grant no. (IFPIP: 614-140-1443). The authors gratefully acknowledge technical and financial support provided by the Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabi.