De-Implementation of Low-Value Care for Women 70 Years of Age or Older with Low-Risk Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Background: Older women with early-stage estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) invasive breast cancer (IBC) are at risk for overtreatment. Guidelines allow for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) and radiotherapy omission after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for women 70 years of age or older with T1, clinical node negativity (cN0), and ER+ IBC. The study objective was to evaluate radiotherapy and SLNB de-implementation in older women with low-risk IBC after the resource limitations of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: An institutional database was analyzed to identify women 70 years of age or older who received BCS for IBC from 2012 to 2022. The patients were divided into two cohorts: (1) patients with low-risk IBC (pT1, cN0, and ER+/HER2-) who were eligible for radiotherapy and SLNB omission and (2) patients with high-risk IBC (pT2-T4, cN+, ER-, or HER2+) who were ineligible for therapy omission. Clinicopathologic variables in both cohorts were analyzed.

Results: The study enrolled 881 patients. For the patients with low-risk IBC, the annual rates of radiotherapy were stable from 2012 to 2019. However, radiotherapy utilization decreased significantly from 2020 to 2022 (58% in 2012 vs 36% in 2022; p = 0.04). In contrast, radiotherapy usage among the patients with high-risk IBC was stable from 2012 to 2022 (79% in 2012 vs 79% in 2022; p = 0.95). Among the patients with low-risk IBC, SLNB rates decreased from 86% in 2012 to 56% in 2022, but this trend predated those in 2020. The factors significantly associated with SLNB and receipt of radiotherapy among the patients with low-risk IBC were younger age, larger tumors, grade 3 disease, and involved nodal status (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: This study demonstrated appropriate and sustained de-escalation of radiotherapy in older women with low-risk IBC after the COVID-19 pandemic.