Assessment of a reconfiguration of the InterSpread Plus US national FMD model as a potential tool to analyze a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak on a single large cattle feedlot in the United States

Sarah R Mielke; Columb Rigney; Amy D Hagerman; Timothy C Boyer; Amy H Delgado; Jonathan Arzt; Lindsey K Holmstrom

doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1205485

Assessment of a reconfiguration of the InterSpread Plus US national FMD model as a potential tool to analyze a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak on a single large cattle feedlot in the United States

Front Vet Sci. 2023 Aug 16:10:1205485. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1205485. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Sarah R Mielke¹, Columb Rigney¹, Amy D Hagerman², Timothy C Boyer¹, Amy H Delgado¹, Jonathan Arzt³, Lindsey K Holmstrom⁴

Affiliations

¹ United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Fort Collins, CO, United States.
² Department of Agricultural Economics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States.
³ Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, NY, United States.
⁴ United States Department of Agriculture's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Riverdale, MD, United States.

Abstract

Introduction: An incursion of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) into the United States remains a concern of high importance and would have devastating socioeconomic impacts to the livestock and associated industries. This highly transmissible and infectious disease poses continual risk for introduction into the United States (US), due to the legal and illegal global movement of people, animals, and animal products. While stamping out has been shown to effectively control FMD, depopulation of large cattle feedlots (>50,000 head) presents a number of challenges for responders due to the resources required to depopulate and dispose of large numbers of animals in a timely and effective manner.

Methods: However, evaluating alternative strategies for FMD control on large feedlots requires a detailed within-farm modeling approach, which can account for the unique structure of these operations. To address this, we developed a single feedlot, within-farm spread model using a novel configuration within the InterSpread Plus (ISP) framework. As proof of concept we designed six scenarios: (i) depopulation - the complete depopulation of the feedlot, (ii) burn-through - a managed "burn-through" where the virus is allowed to spread through the feedlot and only movement restriction and biosecurity are implemented, (iii) firebreak-NV - targeted depopulation of infected pens and adjacent pens without vaccination; (iv) firebreak - targeted depopulation of infected pens and adjacent pens with vaccination of remaining pens; (v) harvest-NV - selective harvest of pens where a 100% movement restriction is applied for 28-30 days, then pens are set for selection to be sent to slaughter, while allowing a controlled "burn-through" without vaccination; and (vi) harvest - selective harvest of pens with vaccination.

Results: Overall, the burn-through scenario (ii) had the shortest epidemic duration (31d (30, 33)) median (25th, 75th percentiles), while the firebreak scenario (iv) had the longest (47d (38,55)). Additionally, we found that scenarios implementing depopulation delayed the peak day of infection and reduced the total number of pens infected compared to non-depopulation scenarios.

Discussion: This novel configuration of ISP provides proof of concept for further development of this new tool to enhance response planning for an incursion of FMD in the US and provides the capability to investigate response strategies that are designed to address specific outbreak response objectives.

Keywords: FMD (foot-and-mouth disease); United States; cattle feedlot; disease response strategies; modeling.