Convergence insufficiency, fixation disparity, and control systems analysis

Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1986 Aug;63(8):645-53. doi: 10.1097/00006324-198608000-00008.

Abstract

The diagnosis and management of convergence insufficiency (CI) is discussed through a control systems model of the combined accommodation and disparity vergence mechanisms. The emphasis is put on drawing definite clinical implications such that CI can be understood as a logical continuum from its etiology, through symptoms, signs, and finally through its treatment.

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Ocular
  • Convergence, Ocular*
  • Esotropia / diagnosis*
  • Esotropia / etiology
  • Esotropia / therapy
  • Eye Movements*
  • Fixation, Ocular*
  • Humans
  • Models, Biological
  • Strabismus / diagnosis*
  • Systems Analysis