Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and fibrosis susceptibility in Greek patients with HCV infection

Angeliki Anna Beka; Vasileios Papadopoulos; Theodora Mylopoulou; Maria Panopoulou; Ioannis Karakasiliotis; Penelope Mavromara; Konstantinos Mimidis; Stavroula Veletza

doi:10.18683/germs.2022.1342

Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and fibrosis susceptibility in Greek patients with HCV infection

Germs. 2022 Sep 30;12(3):384-393. doi: 10.18683/germs.2022.1342. eCollection 2022 Sep.

Authors

Angeliki Anna Beka¹, Vasileios Papadopoulos², Theodora Mylopoulou³, Maria Panopoulou⁴, Ioannis Karakasiliotis⁵, Penelope Mavromara⁶, Konstantinos Mimidis⁷, Stavroula Veletza⁸

Affiliations

¹ MSc, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
² MD, ENARGEIA Medical Ltd., Michael Karaoli 8 & Elpidos 6, 67131, Xanthi, Greece.
³ MD, PhD, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, First Department of Internal Medicine, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
⁴ MD, Associate Professor, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
⁵ Associate Professor, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
⁶ Professor, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Virology, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
⁷ MD, Professor, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, First Department of Internal Medicine, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.
⁸ Professor, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Biology, Dragana, 68100, Alexandroupolis, Greece.

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a prime cause of chronic hepatitis worldwide, that often silently progresses to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notably, the majority of individuals infected with HCV develop symptoms at late stages, often associated with liver damage that cannot revert after virus clearance. Thus, current antiviral therapy alone is rather insufficient to eliminate the global burden of HCV in the near future.During the past few years, vitamin D deficiency as well as certain single nucleotide polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene have been associated with liver fibrosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the possible correlation between VDR polymorphisms ApaI (rs7975232) and TaqI (rs731236) and the fibrosis stage of patients with HCV infection from Thrace, Greece.

Methods: Eighty-one patients with HCV infection underwent transient elastography for the assessment of their fibrosis stage, and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping for VDR ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms. VDR genotypes were then statistically associated with the patients' fibrosis stage using ordinal regression models.

Results: Non-cirrhotic stages were positively correlated with TaqI TT genotype (p=0.003) and negatively correlated with TaqI TC genotype (p=0.007). In the presence of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium between the two VDR polymorphisms, mild fibrosis stages (F0-2) were correlated with ApaI/TaqI GG/TT (p=0.002) and TG/TT (p=0.008) genotypes, while cirrhotic stage F4 was associated with ApaI/TaqI TG/TC genotype (p=0.038).

Conclusions: TaqI TT and ApaI/TaqI GG/TT, TG/TT and TG/TC genotypes could be explored as prognostic genetic markers for fibrosis susceptibility in HCV patients.

Keywords: Fibrosis; calcitriol receptor; genetic markers; hepatitis C; liver; single nucleotide polymorphism; vitamin D.

GERMS.