Rapid development of the livestock and poultry industry has greatly promoted the rural economic prosperity of China. However, the problems resulting from the livestock manure, such as large emissions, low utilization rate, and environmental pollution are also becoming increasingly serious. Based on the current situation of livestock manure discharge in China, the typical contaminants in livestock manure and their pollution characteristics in soil, water, and air were systematically analyzed in this study. Taking heavy metals and antibiotics as the characteristic pollutants, the common risk assessment methods for livestock manure pollution were described. Moreover, the main harmless disposal and recycling treatment technologies of livestock and poultry manure at home and abroad were compared and analyzed. The application prospect and value of these technologies such as the thermochemical conversion method and the biological method in energization or fertilization were evaluated. Furthermore, the prominent problems in the pollution control of livestock manure are discussed, and the development trends in the resource treatment technology of livestock manure were also prospected.
Keywords: ecological risk; environmental pollution; innocuous management; livestock manure; resource utilization.