The traditional polarization three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has limited applications in the field of vision because it can only obtain the relative depth information of the target. Based on the principle of polarization stereo vision, this study combines camera calibration with a monocular ranging model to achieve high-precision recovery of the target's absolute depth information in multi-target scenes. Meanwhile, an adaptive camera intrinsic matrix prediction method is proposed to overcome changes in the camera intrinsic matrix caused by focusing on fuzzy targets outside the depth of field in multi-target scenes, thereby realizing monocular polarized 3D absolute depth reconstruction under dynamic focusing of targets at different depths. Experimental results indicate that the recovery error of monocular polarized 3D absolute depth information for the clear target is less than 10%, and the detail error is only 0.19 mm. Also, the precision of absolute depth reconstruction remains above 90% after dynamic focusing on the blurred target. The proposed monocular polarized 3D absolute depth reconstruction technology for multi-target scenes can broaden application scenarios of the polarization 3D imaging technology in the field of vision.