A case of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus is reported. The patient was a 44-year-old man. The tumor occupied Ea approximately C (E less than C) and was a large protruding mass. Partial esophagectomy (Ei approximately Ea) and total gastrectomy with splenectomy (R2), postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (DTIC.CDDP) and radiation against the metastatic lesion of the right adrenal were performed. The patient died eight months postoperatively with massive multiple metastases to the liver. Histologically, the tumor tissue was diagnosed as primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus with junctional change and esophageal melanocytosis.