Sicyos angulatus (SA) is an annual plant from the Cucurbitaceae family that is native to the eastern part of North America. This study aims to assemble and annotate the chloroplast genome of S. angulatus, and then compare it with plastomes of the other species representing the Cucurbitaceae family. The chloroplast genome size of S. angulatus is 154,986 bp, including a pair of inverted repeats (IR) of 26,276 bp, and small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,079 bp and large single-copy region (LSC) of 84,355 bp. Compared to other Cucurbitaceae species, the chloroplast genome of S. angulatus is almost 4222 bp smaller than the plastome Gynostemma pentaphyllum. All other seven species have an identical set of tRNA (37), except Citrullus laevigata, which contains 36 tRNA. The IRa/LSC junction in all eight species is located upstream of rpl2 and downstream of trnH gene. Moreover, variation in the size of the gene and the presence of pseudogene ycf1 has been seen because of the IR contraction and expansion. The highest number of tandem repeats was seen in G. pentaphyllum, and then Corynocarpus leavigata. The sequence divergence analysis and topology of the phylogenetic tree indicate that S. angulatus is more similar to genus Citrullus as compared to genus Gynostemma. These findings contribute to developing the genomic marker for the purpose of future genetic studies.
Keywords: Cucurbitaceae family; Sicyos angulatus; comparative chloroplast genome analysis; phylogenetic relationship.