Antioxidant, Antiglaucoma, Anticholinergic, and Antidiabetic Effects of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Oil: Metabolite Profile Analysis Using LC-HR/MS, GC/MS and GC-FID

Eda Mehtap Ozden; Zeynebe Bingol; Muzaffer Mutlu; Hasan Karagecili; Ekrem Köksal; Ahmet C Goren; Saleh H Alwasel; İlhami Gulcin

doi:10.3390/life13091939

Antioxidant, Antiglaucoma, Anticholinergic, and Antidiabetic Effects of Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) Oil: Metabolite Profile Analysis Using LC-HR/MS, GC/MS and GC-FID

Life (Basel). 2023 Sep 20;13(9):1939. doi: 10.3390/life13091939.

Authors

Eda Mehtap Ozden¹, Zeynebe Bingol², Muzaffer Mutlu³, Hasan Karagecili⁴, Ekrem Köksal⁵, Ahmet C Goren⁶, Saleh H Alwasel⁷, İlhami Gulcin²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye.
² Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Tokat Vocational School of Health Services, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat 60250, Türkiye.
³ Vocational School of Applied Sciences, Gelisim University, Istanbul 34315, Türkiye.
⁴ Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Siirt University, Siirt 56100, Türkiye.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan 24100, Türkiye.
⁶ Department Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Türkiye.
⁷ Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Determining the antioxidant abilities and enzyme inhibition profiles of medicinally important plants and their oils is of great importance for a healthy life and the treatment of some common global diseases. Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) oil was examined and researched using several bioanalytical methods comprehensively for the first time in this research to determine its antioxidant, antiglaucoma, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer's capabilities. Additionally, the kiwifruit oil inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), and α-amylase, which are linked to a number of metabolic illnesses, were established. Furthermore, LC-HRMS analysis was used to assess the phenolic content of kiwifruit oil. It came to light that kiwifruit oil contained 26 different phenolic compounds. According to the LC-HRMS findings, kiwifruit oil is abundant in apigenin (74.24 mg/L oil), epigallocatechin (12.89 mg/L oil), caryophyllene oxide (12.89 mg/L oil), and luteolin (5.49 mg/L oil). In addition, GC-MS and GC-FID studies were used to ascertain the quantity and chemical composition of the essential oils contained in kiwifruit oil. Squalene (53.04%), linoleoyl chloride (20.28%), linoleic acid (2.67%), and palmitic acid (1.54%) were the most abundant compounds in kiwifruit oil. For radical scavenging activities of kiwifruit oil, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH^•) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS^•+) radicals scavenging techniques were examined. These methods effectively demonstrated the potent radical scavenging properties of kiwifruit oil (IC₅₀: 48.55 μg/mL for DPPH^•, and IC₅₀: 77.00 μg/mL for ABTS^•+ scavenging). Also, for reducing capabilities, iron (Fe³⁺), copper (Cu²⁺), and Fe³⁺-2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ) reducing abilities were studied. Moreover, kiwifruit oil showed a considerable inhibition effect towards hCA II (IC₅₀: 505.83 μg/mL), AChE (IC₅₀: 12.80 μg/mL), and α-amylase (IC₅₀: 421.02 μg/mL). The results revealed that the use of kiwifruit oil in a pharmaceutical procedure has very important effects due to its antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, antidiabetic, and antiglaucoma effects.

Keywords: Actinidia deliciosa; GC-MS; LC-HRMS; antioxidant activity; enzyme inhibition; kiwifruit oil; polyphenol.

Grants and funding

This research received no external funding.