Background: Canadian and international research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in health behaviours, including participation in physical activity and screen time.
Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey asks Canadian adults (aged 18 to 64 years) and older adults (aged 65 and older) to report the time they spend active by domain: recreation, transportation, and household and/or occupation. Survey respondents are also asked to report their screen time on days they worked and days they did not work. The present analysis compares the physical activity from four cross-sectional samples collected during 2018 (n=50,093), January to mid-March 2020 (n=13,933), September to December 2020 (n=25,661) and January 2021 to February 2022 (n=45,742). Screen time is compared between 2018 and 2021. Sub-annual analyses examine how physical activity and screen time varied within and between years.
Results: The percentage of 18- to 64-year-old women meeting the physical activity recommendation did not change from 2018 (54.3%) to 2021 (55.1%), while a slight decrease was observed among men (63.0% in 2018 to 59.8% in 2021). The percentage of adults aged 65 years and older meeting the recommendation increased from 2018 to 2021 among both men (40.7% to 43.8%) and women (33.4% to 36.9%). Total physical activity decreased by 17.5 minutes per week among 18- to 64-year-old men and increased by 8.4 minutes per week among 18- to 64-year-old women. Men and women aged 65 and older increased their total physical activity by about 30 minutes per week from 2018 to 2021. The percentage of 18- to 64-year-old adults in the lowest screen time category decreased from 53.9% in 2018 to 45.0% in 2021 on work days and from 37.8% in 2018 to 28.0% in 2021 on non-work days. The percentage of adults aged 65 and older in the lowest screen time category decreased from 49.4% in 2018 to 37.8% in 2021 on work days and from 29.4% in 2018 to 21.5% in 2021 on non-work days.
Interpretation: Physical activity among men aged 18 to 64 years decreased from 2018 to 2021, while women of this age group maintained their physical activity. Older adults increased their physical activity from 2018 to 2021. Many Canadian adults shifted from the lowest screen time category (two hours or less per day) to the highest screen time category (four hours or more per day) during the 2020 and 2021 pandemic years. It is unknown whether the short-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and screen time will persist over time. Ongoing surveillance of the longer-term impacts of the pandemic on the health behaviours of Canadians is important.
Keywords: exercise; movement; remote work; sport; television.