Rabies is one of the important zoonotic infectious diseases, with a mortality rate of almost 100%. Rabies is a vaccine preventable disease, and proper rabies exposure prophylaxis can effectively prevent the occurrence of human rabies. In recent years, there has been significant progress in clinical research on the rabies exposure prophylaxis both domestically and internationally. World Health Organization (WHO) released the Rabies Vaccine: WHO Position Paper-April 2018. In order to guide medical institutions of all levels in rabies exposure prophylaxis, the National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control, in conjunction with the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, organized the Rabies Vaccine Working Group of the National Immunization Program Technical Working Group and invited experts to revise and issue the National Regulation for the Rabies Exposure Prophylaxis (2023 Edition). This article compares the National Regulation for the Rabies Exposure Prophylaxis (2009 Edition) and interprets the updated key points and supporting basis of the new version of the guidelines to guide clinical application and implementation.
狂犬病是重要的人兽共患传染病之一，病死率几乎100%。狂犬病为疫苗可预防疾病，正确的狂犬病暴露预防处置可以有效预防人狂犬病的发生。近年来国内外狂犬病暴露预防处置的临床研究取得诸多进展，2018年4月世界卫生组织发布了《狂犬病疫苗立场文件（2018版）》。为指导各级医疗机构进行狂犬病暴露预防处置工作，国家疾控局会同国家卫生健康委组织国家免疫规划技术工作组狂犬病疫苗工作组及特邀专家修订并发布了《狂犬病暴露预防处置工作规范（2023年版）》。本文对比《狂犬病暴露预防处置工作规范（2009年版）》，解读新版规范的更新要点及支持依据，以指导临床应用和实施。.