Guidelines in Practice: Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism

AORN J. 2023 Nov;118(5):321-328. doi: 10.1002/aorn.14019.

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a condition involving deep vein thrombosis and embolism, can cause death when left untreated. Hospitalized patients and those who have recently undergone surgery or have a cancer diagnosis are at increased risk for VTE development. The updated AORN "Guideline for prevention of venous thromboembolism" provides perioperative nurses with a variety of evidence-based recommendations associated with the topic. This article provides an overview of the guideline and discusses recommendations for a VTE protocol, VTE and bleeding risk assessments, pharmacologic and mechanical VTE prophylaxis, postoperative ambulation, and patient and family education. It also includes a scenario that illustrates the importance of the VTE assessment and the use of mechanical prophylaxis for high-risk patients undergoing operative or other invasive procedures. Perioperative nurses should review the guideline in its entirety and implement recommendations in operative and procedural settings.

Keywords: deep vein thrombosis (DVT); pharmacologic and mechanical prophylaxis; pulmonary embolism (PE); risk assessment; venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anticoagulants / therapeutic use
  • Hemorrhage
  • Humans
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Venous Thromboembolism* / drug therapy
  • Venous Thromboembolism* / prevention & control

Substances

  • Anticoagulants