Prevalence and Associations of Peripheral Arterial Disease in China: The Beijing Eye Study

Ya Xing Wang; Qian Wang; Rahul A Jonas; Jost B Jonas

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.016

Prevalence and Associations of Peripheral Arterial Disease in China: The Beijing Eye Study

Am J Ophthalmol. 2024 Feb:258:76-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.016. Epub 2023 Oct 26.

Authors

Ya Xing Wang¹, Qian Wang², Rahul A Jonas³, Jost B Jonas⁴

Affiliations

¹ From the Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory (Y.X.W.), Beijing, China. Electronic address: yaxingw@gmail.com.
² Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (Q.W.), Beijing, China.
³ Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne (R.J.), Cologne, Germany.
⁴ Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University (J.B.J.), Mannheim, Germany; Privatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas (J.B.J.), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology (J.B.J.), Basel, Switzerland; Singapore Eye Research Institute(J.B.J.), Singapore.

PMID: 37890690
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.10.016

Abstract

Purpose: To explore the prevalence and associations of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in China.

Design: Population-based incidence estimate and cross-sectional study.

Methods: The participants (n=3468) of the Beijing Eye Study underwent a detailed ophthalmologic and systemic examination including assessment of the ankle-brachial index (ABI). PAD was defined by an ABI of less than 0.9.

Results: Blood pressure measurements of both arms and ankles were available for 1078 (31.1%) individuals. An ABI (mean: 1.09±0.11; median: 1.10; range: 0.25, 1.36) of <0.9 and <0.95 was found in 32 of 1078 participants (3.0%, 95% CI 2.0, 4.0) and 70 of 1078 individuals (6.5%, 95% CI 5.0, 8.0), respectively. Higher PAD prevalence (multivariable analysis) was associated with older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% CI 1.02, 1.15; P = .009), lower level of education (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.43, 0.90; P = .01), lower quality of life (OR 0.67, 95% CI 1.11, 2.32), higher glucose serum concentration (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.09, 1.58; P = .006), lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96, 0.99; P = .04), and higher prevalence of retinal vein occlusions (OR 7.30, 95% CI 1.63, 32.6; P = .009). PAD prevalence was not associated with the prevalence of glaucoma (P = .53) (open-angle glaucoma: P = .42; angle-closure glaucoma: P = .57) and age-related macular degeneration (any AMD: P = .39; early AMD: P = .31; intermediate AMD: P = .92; late AMD: P = .99), prevalence (P = .26) and stage (P = .07) of diabetic retinopathy, prevalence (P = .38) and degree (P = .68) of nuclear cataract, prevalence (P = .39) and degree (P = .72) of cortical cataract, prevalence of subcapsular cataract (P = .86), prevalence of pseudoexfoliation (P = .65), intraocular pressure (P = .50), axial length (P = .56), and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P = .68).

Conclusions: The PAD prevalence (3.0%, 95% CI 2.0%, 4.0%) was relatively low in this cohort from rural and urban Beijing, with older age, lower educational level, lower quality of life, higher glucose serum concentration, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, and higher prevalence of retinal vein occlusions as main associated factors.

MeSH terms

Beijing / epidemiology
Cataract*
China / epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Glaucoma, Open-Angle*
Glucose
Humans
Peripheral Arterial Disease* / diagnosis
Peripheral Arterial Disease* / epidemiology
Prevalence
Quality of Life
Retinal Vein Occlusion*
Risk Factors

Substances

Glucose